Implications of Climate Change on Brazilian Emergency Medicine

Abstract

Introduction: Climate change poses a significant global health threat, impacting human health through extreme weather events, disruptions to food systems, and the spread of diseases. Brazilian emergency medicine faces unique challenges, particularly in response to climate-related crises such as floods, heatwaves, and wildfires. This study aims to discuss the implications of climate change on Brazilian emergency medicine and the roles emergency physicians must adopt to address these challenges. 
Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on recent events and actions taken by Brazilian emergency physicians and institutions. Key topics analyzed include extreme weather events, disease outbreaks, and public health interventions. Institutional reports and clinical guidelines from the Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Emergência (ABRAMEDE) were also reviewed. 
Results: Brazil has been increasingly affected by climate-related disasters, particularly in states like Rio Grande do Sul. Emergency departments were overwhelmed during recent floods and heatwaves. Arboviral diseases such as dengue have surged, exacerbated by rising temperatures. Wildfires, particularly in the Amazon, have further strained emergency services, with respiratory diseases and logistical challenges in patient transport becoming critical issues. ABRAMEDE has issued recommendations on hospital disaster preparedness and clinical guidelines to mitigate these health crises. 
Conclusions:Brazilian emergency physicians must focus on enhancing climate-related education, increasing resource allocation for emergency departments, and improving disaster preparedness. These steps are crucial for addressing the evolving health challenges posed by climate change, particularly in vulnerable populations. Emergency medicine must adapt to safeguard public health as environmental conditions continue to shift.